Types of wine
Wine (from latin.- vinum) - it's a spirit a fortress of 9-20 %, which turns out as a result of full or partial fermentation of grape or fruit-berry juice. Sometimes in the juice intended for fermentation, add spirit, yeast and other substances. The science studying fault, is called enology.
Quality of taste and a bouquet of various kinds of wines is influenced by various factors, for example, features of "know-how" of wine, an environment in which the raw materials for drink manufacturing, and also many other factors have been grown up. Wines have many grades and can differ on appearance, a chemical compound, qualitative signs. Classification is necessary for the fullest orientation in set of grades of wines – uniform system of distribution of wines on groups according to their structure, typical properties and features of manufacture.
As grapes grow in many countries, accordingly, wine is made all over the world: in Eurasia (especially in France, Italy and Spain), in Northern and the South America, in Africa (especially in the republic of South Africa), in Australia. The doubtless centre of winemaking is France – in 2009 there have been made 5 329 449 tons of wine.
A little Italy lags behind France – 5 056 648 tons of wine are made in this country for 2005. Spain in 2009 has made 3 934 140 tons of various wine brands, and the USA of 2 232 000 tons. Germany, the republic of South Africa, Australia, China and Argentina have made the little more than 1 million tons of wine in 2009. However it is not necessary to forget and about such countries as Chiles and Portugal which in 2009 though have made less than one million tons of wine, but have at least got to our list of "wine powers» the world.
Red wine make from red or dark blue (black) grades of grapes. It is considered that red wine differs from white wine only by grades of the grapes used as raw materials, however, it not absolutely so – actually red wine is made on other technology. Usually red wines contain not enough sugar, therefore they are considered as the dry. However there are also exceptions, for example, cahors wine or national Jewish wines.
At present in the world there is about 4,5 thousand grades of red wine. The most known grades of grapes which are raw materials for manufacture of red wine, are considered Cabernet Sauvignon (Kaberne Sovinon) and Merlot. Red wine has the sated high-quality bouquet, soft taste and colour from granatovo-red to the is dark-ruby violet with a shade.
The red wine "know-how" assumes reception of a tart product with the sated dark red colour. On presence of the tartness necessary for red dry wine, tannins which are in grape stones and a thin skin for this reason at manufacturing of red wine of a berry of grapes press influence, without taking out stones.
White wine make from various grades of grapes — white, red or pink. White wine in the course of manufacturing necessarily ferment. As juice of pulp of grapes almost all grades has a light shade by manufacture of white wine a thin skin from berries necessarily remove. Natural white dry wine has thin harmonious soft taste, refined aroma and moderate acidity.
White wine is unique that in the course of its manufacturing it not only does not lose specific nuances of aroma of grapes of which it is made, but also reveals difficult enough bouquet with tones of wild flowers, grasses with nuances of a flower of an acacia, a rose and strawberry shades. Natural white dry wines have various shades of light-golden colour: from green-yellow to colour of old gold.